import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow import keras
from recsys_utils import *

#Load data
X, W, b, num_movies, num_features, num_users = load_precalc_params_small()
Y, R = load_ratings_small()

print("Y", Y.shape, "R", R.shape)
print("X", X.shape)
print("W", W.shape)
print("b", b.shape)
print("num_features", num_features)
print("num_movies",   num_movies)
print("num_users",    num_users)

#  From the matrix, we can compute statistics like average rating.
tsmean =  np.mean(Y[0, R[0, :].astype(bool)])
print(f"Average rating for movie 1 : {tsmean:0.3f} / 5" )

# GRADED FUNCTION: cofi_cost_func
# UNQ_C1

def cofi_cost_func(X, W, b, Y, R, lambda_):
    """
    Returns the cost for the content-based filtering
    Args:
      X (ndarray (num_movies,num_features)): matrix of item features
      W (ndarray (num_users,num_features)) : matrix of user parameters
      b (ndarray (1, num_users)            : vector of user parameters
      Y (ndarray (num_movies,num_users)    : matrix of user ratings of movies
      R (ndarray (num_movies,num_users)    : matrix, where R(i, j) = 1 if the i-th movies was rated by the j-th user
      lambda_ (float): regularization parameter
    Returns:
      J (float) : Cost
    """
    nm, nu = Y.shape
    J = 0
    ### START CODE HERE ###  
    
        
        
        
            
            
            
            
    
    
    ### END CODE HERE ### 

    return J

# Public tests
from public_tests import *
test_cofi_cost_func(cofi_cost_func)

### START CODE HERE ###  
    for j in range(nu):
        
        
        for i in range(nm):
            
            
    ### END CODE HERE ###

# Reduce the data set size so that this runs faster
num_users_r = 4
num_movies_r = 5 
num_features_r = 3

X_r = X[:num_movies_r, :num_features_r]
W_r = W[:num_users_r,  :num_features_r]
b_r = b[0, :num_users_r].reshape(1,-1)
Y_r = Y[:num_movies_r, :num_users_r]
R_r = R[:num_movies_r, :num_users_r]

# Evaluate cost function
J = cofi_cost_func(X_r, W_r, b_r, Y_r, R_r, 0);
print(f"Cost: {J:0.2f}")

# Evaluate cost function with regularization 
J = cofi_cost_func(X_r, W_r, b_r, Y_r, R_r, 1.5);
print(f"Cost (with regularization): {J:0.2f}")

def cofi_cost_func_v(X, W, b, Y, R, lambda_):
    """
    Returns the cost for the content-based filtering
    Vectorized for speed. Uses tensorflow operations to be compatible with custom training loop.
    Args:
      X (ndarray (num_movies,num_features)): matrix of item features
      W (ndarray (num_users,num_features)) : matrix of user parameters
      b (ndarray (1, num_users)            : vector of user parameters
      Y (ndarray (num_movies,num_users)    : matrix of user ratings of movies
      R (ndarray (num_movies,num_users)    : matrix, where R(i, j) = 1 if the i-th movies was rated by the j-th user
      lambda_ (float): regularization parameter
    Returns:
      J (float) : Cost
    """
    j = (tf.linalg.matmul(X, tf.transpose(W)) + b - Y)*R
    J = 0.5 * tf.reduce_sum(j**2) + (lambda_/2) * (tf.reduce_sum(X**2) + tf.reduce_sum(W**2))
    return J

# Evaluate cost function
J = cofi_cost_func_v(X_r, W_r, b_r, Y_r, R_r, 0);
print(f"Cost: {J:0.2f}")

# Evaluate cost function with regularization 
J = cofi_cost_func_v(X_r, W_r, b_r, Y_r, R_r, 1.5);
print(f"Cost (with regularization): {J:0.2f}")

movieList, movieList_df = load_Movie_List_pd()

my_ratings = np.zeros(num_movies)          #  Initialize my ratings

# Check the file small_movie_list.csv for id of each movie in our dataset
# For example, Toy Story 3 (2010) has ID 2700, so to rate it "5", you can set
my_ratings[2700] = 5 

#Or suppose you did not enjoy Persuasion (2007), you can set
my_ratings[2609] = 2;

# We have selected a few movies we liked / did not like and the ratings we
# gave are as follows:
my_ratings[929]  = 5   # Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King, The
my_ratings[246]  = 5   # Shrek (2001)
my_ratings[2716] = 3   # Inception
my_ratings[1150] = 5   # Incredibles, The (2004)
my_ratings[382]  = 2   # Amelie (Fabuleux destin d'Amélie Poulain, Le)
my_ratings[366]  = 5   # Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone (a.k.a. Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone) (2001)
my_ratings[622]  = 5   # Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (2002)
my_ratings[988]  = 3   # Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (2004)
my_ratings[2925] = 1   # Louis Theroux: Law & Disorder (2008)
my_ratings[2937] = 1   # Nothing to Declare (Rien à déclarer)
my_ratings[793]  = 5   # Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl (2003)
my_rated = [i for i in range(len(my_ratings)) if my_ratings[i] > 0]

print('\nNew user ratings:\n')
for i in range(len(my_ratings)):
    if my_ratings[i] > 0 :
        print(f'Rated {my_ratings[i]} for  {movieList_df.loc[i,"title"]}');

# Reload ratings and add new ratings
Y, R = load_ratings_small()
Y    = np.c_[my_ratings, Y]
R    = np.c_[(my_ratings != 0).astype(int), R]

# Normalize the Dataset
Ynorm, Ymean = normalizeRatings(Y, R)

#  Useful Values
num_movies, num_users = Y.shape
num_features = 100

# Set Initial Parameters (W, X), use tf.Variable to track these variables
tf.random.set_seed(1234) # for consistent results
W = tf.Variable(tf.random.normal((num_users,  num_features),dtype=tf.float64),  name='W')
X = tf.Variable(tf.random.normal((num_movies, num_features),dtype=tf.float64),  name='X')
b = tf.Variable(tf.random.normal((1,          num_users),   dtype=tf.float64),  name='b')

# Instantiate an optimizer.
optimizer = keras.optimizers.Adam(learning_rate=1e-1)

iterations = 200
lambda_ = 1
for iter in range(iterations):
    # Use TensorFlow’s GradientTape
    # to record the operations used to compute the cost 
    with tf.GradientTape() as tape:

        # Compute the cost (forward pass included in cost)
        cost_value = cofi_cost_func_v(X, W, b, Ynorm, R, lambda_)

    # Use the gradient tape to automatically retrieve
    # the gradients of the trainable variables with respect to the loss
    grads = tape.gradient( cost_value, [X,W,b] )

    # Run one step of gradient descent by updating
    # the value of the variables to minimize the loss.
    optimizer.apply_gradients( zip(grads, [X,W,b]) )

    # Log periodically.
    if iter % 20 == 0:
        print(f"Training loss at iteration {iter}: {cost_value:0.1f}")

# Make a prediction using trained weights and biases
p = np.matmul(X.numpy(), np.transpose(W.numpy())) + b.numpy()

#restore the mean
pm = p + Ymean

my_predictions = pm[:,0]

# sort predictions
ix = tf.argsort(my_predictions, direction='DESCENDING')

for i in range(17):
    j = ix[i]
    if j not in my_rated:
        print(f'Predicting rating {my_predictions[j]:0.2f} for movie {movieList[j]}')

print('\n\nOriginal vs Predicted ratings:\n')
for i in range(len(my_ratings)):
    if my_ratings[i] > 0:
        print(f'Original {my_ratings[i]}, Predicted {my_predictions[i]:0.2f} for {movieList[i]}')

filter=(movieList_df["number of ratings"] > 20)
movieList_df["pred"] = my_predictions
movieList_df = movieList_df.reindex(columns=["pred", "mean rating", "number of ratings", "title"])
movieList_df.loc[ix[:300]].loc[filter].sort_values("mean rating", ascending=False)

General Notation	Description	Python (if any)
$r(i,j)$	scalar; = 1 if user j rated game i = 0 otherwise
$y(i,j)$	scalar; = rating given by user j on game i (if r(i,j) = 1 is defined)
$\mathbf{w}^{(j)}$	vector; parameters for user j
$b^{(j)}$	scalar; parameter for user j
$\mathbf{x}^{(i)}$	vector; feature ratings for movie i
$n_u$	number of users	num_users
$n_m$	number of movies	num_movies
$n$	number of features	num_features
$\mathbf{X}$	matrix of vectors $\mathbf{x}^{(i)}$	X
$\mathbf{W}$	matrix of vectors $\mathbf{w}^{(j)}$	W
$\mathbf{b}$	vector of bias parameters $b^{(j)}$	b
$\mathbf{R}$	matrix of elements $r(i,j)$	R

Practice lab: Collaborative Filtering Recommender Systems

Outline

Packages

1 - Notation¶

2 - Recommender Systems

3 - Movie ratings dataset

4 - Collaborative filtering learning algorithm

4.1 Collaborative filtering cost function¶

Exercise 1¶

5 - Learning movie recommendations

6 - Recommendations¶

7 - Congratulations!